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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for Human Health; Series Editor Preface; About the Series Editor; Contents; Nanomedicine: Present Accomplishments and Far-Reaching Promises; Part One: Introduction to Nanoscience in Medicine of the Twenty-First Century; 1: Challenges and Opportunities of Nanotechnology for Human Health; References; 2: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and the Armory for the Twenty-First Century Health Care; 2.1 Conceptual Dream; 2.2 A Real World Encounter; 2.3 Mapping the Microcosm of Disease; 2.4 Delivery at the Clinical ""Coal Face""; 2.5 A High Precision Aim for Disease Targets

2.6 A Materials Revolution for Clinical Care2.7 Robotics for Microrepair and Healing; 2.8 A Dialog with Cells; 2.9 Stealth Materials for a More Potent Delivery; 2.10 Improved Biointerrogation for a Better Understanding; 2.11 Crossing the Structure-Function Threshold; 2.12 Living Implants for a Living Matrix; 2.13 Taming the Nanointerface; 2.14 Where are We Now?; 2.15 Where will the Revolution Take Us?; 2.16 Conclusions; References; 3: Nanomedicine Activities in the United States and Worldwide; 3.1 Drug Delivery; 3.1.1 Strategies for Localized Delivery of Nanoparticles

3.1.1.1 Physical Targeting3.1.1.2 Biomaterials; 3.1.1.3 Molecular Targeting; 3.1.1.4 External Activation; 3.1.2 Next-generation Drug Delivery Vehicles; 3.1.2.1 Sequential Drug Delivery; 3.1.2.2 Amplified Drug Delivery; 3.1.2.3 Biomimicry; 3.1.3 Implantable Devices; 3.2 Diagnostics; 3.3 Scaffolds; 3.3.1 Bone Tissue Regeneration; 3.3.2 Skin Regeneration; 3.3.3 Nerve Regeneration; 3.4 Clinically Approved Nanoproducts; References; Part Two: Leading Cause of Death: Cardiovascular Diseases; 4: Challenges in Cardiovascular Treatments Using Nanotechnology-Based Approaches; 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Unmet Needs in Cardiology4.2.1 Nanomaterials for Medical Applications; 4.2.2 Nanotechnology Applied to Medicine: A New Medical Discipline for Cardiology?; 4.2.3 Nano Approaches for Therapeutic Problems; 4.2.4 Awareness of Risks Introducing Nanotechnology to Patient Treatment; 4.2.5 Decisional Analysis in Nanomedicine Development; 4.3 Nanoparticles for Treatment of CVD; 4.3.1 Delivery of Nitric Oxide Small-Molecule Donors; 4.3.2 PLGA-based Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery; 4.3.3 Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles; 4.3.4 Targeting Vessel Geometry: a Physics-based Approach

4.3.5 Nanoparticles Endogenous to Atherosclerosis Pathology4.4 Nanotherapeutics in Surgical Interventions; 4.4.1 Nanoparticles in Drug-eluting Stents; 4.4.2 Nanopatterning to Improve Stent Integration; 4.4.3 Nanoparticle Alternatives to Stents; 4.5 Conclusions; References; 5: Smart Container for Targeted Drug Delivery; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Liposomes; 5.2.1 General Characteristics; 5.2.2 Release of Vesicle-Entrapped Molecules; 5.2.2.1 Temperature as Trigger; 5.2.2.2 Ultrasound as Trigger; 5.2.2.3 Enzymes as Trigger; 5.2.2.4 pH Changes as Trigger; 5.2.2.5 Redox Reactions as Trigger

5.2.2.6 Photoreactions as Trigger

Unique in combining the expertise of practitioners from university hospitals and that of academic researchers, this timely monograph presents selected topics catering specifically to the needs and interests of natural scientists and engineers as well as physicians who are concerned with developing nanotechnology-based treatments to improve human health. To this end, the book cover the materials aspects of nanomedicine, such as the hierarchical structure of biological materials, the imaging of hard and soft tissues and, in particular, concrete examples of nanotechnology-based approaches in modern medical treatments. The whole is rounded off by a discussion of the opportunities and risks of using nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medicine, backed by case studies taken from real life.