Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction: Metals, Metalloids, Redox Biology, and Neurodegeneration -- Chapter 1 Role of Metals and Metalloids in Redox Biology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Iron -- 1.3 Lead -- 1.4 Mercury -- 1.5 Cadmium -- 1.6 Chromium -- 1.7 Manganese -- 1.8 Copper -- 1.9 Zinc -- 1.10 Arsenic -- 1.11 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 Role of Metals in Neurodegeneration -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Essential Metals -- 2.2.1 Copper -- 2.2.2 Iron -- 2.2.3 Manganese

2.2.4 Zinc -- 2.3 Non-Essential Metals -- 2.3.1 Aluminum -- 2.3.2 Arsenic -- 2.3.3 Cadmium -- 2.3.4 Lead -- 2.3.5 Methylmercury -- 2.3.6 Thallium -- 2.4 Neurotoxicity Induced by Metal Mixture -- 2.5 Metal-Induced Neurotoxicity and Treatment -- 2.6 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Part II: Pathology of Metal Toxicity -- Chapter 3 Pathological Manifestations and Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity -- 3.1 General Introduction -- 3.2 Central and Peripheral Nervous System -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Aluminum -- 3.2.3 Arsenic -- 3.2.4 Lead -- 3.2.5 Manganese -- 3.2.6 Mercury

3.2.7 Cadmium -- 3.3 Immune System -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Arsenic -- 3.3.2.1 Immunosuppression -- 3.3.2.2 Immunomodulation -- 3.3.3 Cadmium -- 3.3.3.1 Immunosuppression -- 3.3.3.2 Immunomodulation -- 3.3.4 Mercury -- 3.3.4.1 Immunosuppression -- 3.3.4.2 Immunomodulation -- 3.3.4.3 Sensitization and Autoimmunity -- 3.3.5 Beryllium -- 3.3.5.1 Sensitization -- 3.3.6 Nickel -- 3.3.6.1 Immunosuppression -- 3.3.6.2 Sensitization -- 3.3.7 Lead -- 3.3.7.1 Immunosuppression -- 3.3.7.2 Autoimmunity -- 3.4 Reproductive System -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Lead -- 3.4.3 Cadmium -- 3.4.4 Vanadium

3.4.5 Gallium and Indium -- 3.5 Liver -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Arsenic -- 3.5.3 Cadmium -- 3.5.4 Copper -- 3.5.5 Iron -- 3.6 Kidney -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Cadmium -- 3.6.3 Mercury -- 3.6.4 Lead -- 3.6.5 Uranium -- 3.7 Summary and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 An Overview of Heavy Metal Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Research Progress of Heavy Metal in TCM -- 4.2.1 Analytical Methods for Heavy Metal Detection in TCM -- 4.2.2 External and Internal Reasons for Heavy Metal Contamination of TCM

4.3 International Standards Regarding Heavy Metals and Their Safety Limit in TCM -- 4.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Mechanisms of Restoring Metabolic Homeostasis -- Chapter 5 Development and Utilization of a Novel Prodosomed-Electrolyte and Phytochemical Formulation Technology to Restore Metabolic Homeostasis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Sources of Dietary Electrolytes -- 5.3 Electrolyte Balance and Imbalance: Physiological Consequences -- 5.4 Key Physiological Functions of Diverse Electrolytes -- 5.4.1 Nervous System -- 5.4.2 Muscle Functioning -- 5.4.3 Hydration Status

Heavy metals and metalloids, singly or in combination, induce toxic manifestations either through acute or chronic pathology. In particular, long-term chronic exposure to diverse heavy metals and metalloids to humans and animals can lead to numerous physical, muscular, neurological, nephrological, and diverse degenerative diseases and dysfunctions, including multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and several others. Recognized heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and hexavalent chromium are known for enormous toxicity. The immediate vital signs of acute heavy metal exposure include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute abdominal pain. Mercury has been identified as the most toxic heavy metal, and mercury poisoning is known as acrodynia or pink disease. Similarly, lead, another toxic heavy metal, was at one time an integral part of painting. Metal Toxicology Handbook further explains and discusses the varying attributes of metals, discussing toxicity, safety, and proper human utilization of metals. Beginning with a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration and going further into the roles, benefits, and toxicity of metals with each section, the text contains 28 chapters from eminent researchers and scientists in their respective fields and is a must-have for anyone researching the potential toxicity in metals. Key Features Discusses the pathology of metal toxicity Highlights the benefits of metals Explains the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis Highlights dose-dependent beneficial and adverse effects of vanadium safety and toxicity The initial introductory section provides a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration. The second section discusses the pathology of metal toxicity in two chapters, while the third section highlights the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis in two chapters. The fourth section demonstrates the aspect of radionuclides toxicity. In a change of pace, the fifth section discusses the benefits of metals in four chapters. The sixth section, titled "Toxic Manifestations by Diverse Heavy Metals and Metalloids," provides fourteen chapters that discuss the toxicological mechanism and manifestation of individual metals. The editors have crafted a commentary titled "A Treatise on Metal Toxicity" and summarized a vivid scenario of metal toxicity and its consequences.

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