chapter 1 Graphene -- Synthesis, Properties, and Applications / Zongbin Zhao Jieshan Qiu -- chapter 2 Grain Boundaries in Graphene / I. A. Ovid'ko -- chapter 3 Epitaxial Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes on Silicon Carbide / Goknur Cambaz Büke -- chapter 4 Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Carbides and Carbonitrides / Michael Naguib -- chapter 5 Cooperative Interaction, Crystallization, and Properties of Polymer-Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites / Eric D. Laird Christopher Y. Li -- chapter 6 Mechanics of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanomaterials / Harik Vasyl -- chapter 7 Biomedical Applications of Nanostructures Carbon Nanotube Biosensors / Meining Zhang Lanqun Mao Pingang He Liming Dai -- chapter 8 Carbon Nanostructures in Biomedical Applications / Masoud Golshadi Michael G. Schrlau -- chapter 9 Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes / Peng-Xiang Hou Chang Liu Hui-Ming Cheng -- chapter 10 Carbon Nanotubes for Photoinduced Energy Conversion Applications / Ge Peng Sushant Sahu Mohammed J. Meziani Li Cao Yamin Liu Ya-Ping Sun -- chapter 11 Fullerene C60 Architectures in Materials Science / Francesco Scarel Aurelio Mateo-Alonso -- chapter 12 Nanocrystalline Diamond / Alexander Vul' Marina Baidakova Artur Dideikin -- chapter 13 Combining Nanotechnology with Personalized and Precision MedicineNanodiamonds as Therapeutic and Imaging Agents / Dong-Keun Lee Desiree Hsiou Theodore Kee Sue Vin Kim Adelheid Nerisa Limansubroto Darron Miya Dean Ho -- chapter 14 Carbon Onions / Yuriy Butenko Lidija Šiller Michael R. C. Hunt -- chapter 15 Carbide-Derived Carbons / Yair Korenblit Gleb Yushin -- chapter 16 Templated and Ordered Mesoporous Carbons / Pasquale F. Fulvio Joanna Gorka Richard T Mayes Sheng Dai -- chapter 17 Oxidation and Purification of Carbon Nanostructures / Sebastian Osswald Bastian J. M. Etzold -- chapter 18 Hydrothermal Process for Nano-Carbons and Carbonaceous Materials / Masahiro Yoshimura Jaganathan Senthilnathan -- chapter 19 Carbon Nanomaterials for Water Desalination by Capacitive Deionization / P. M. Biesheuvel Slawomir Porada Albert van der Wal Volker Presser -- chapter 20 Sintering of Nano-Ceramics / Xiao-Hui Wang I-Wei Chen -- chapter 21 Nanofiber Technology: Bridging the Gap between Nano and Macro World / Frank K. Ko Lynn Yuqin Wan -- chapter 22 The Safety of Nanomaterials on Molecular and Cellular Scale / Annette Kraegeloh Klaus Unfried.