From GSM to LTE-advanced : an introduction to mobile networks and mobile broadband / Martin Sauter, WirelessMoves, Germany.
By: Sauter, Martin [author.].
Contributor(s): IEEE Xplore (Online Service) [distributor.] | Wiley [publisher.].
Material type: BookPublisher: Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014Distributor: [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : IEEE Xplore, [2014]Edition: Revised 2nd edition.Description: 1 PDF (xiv, 441 pages).Content type: text Media type: electronic Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781118861943.Uniform titles: From GSM to LTE Subject(s): Mobile communication systems | Wireless metropolitan area networks | Wireless LANsGenre/Form: Electronic books.DDC classification: 621.3845/6 Online resources: Abstract with links to resource Also available in print.Original edition published as: From GSM to LTE.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
-- Preface xiii -- 1 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1 -- 1.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission 1 -- 1.1.1 Classic Circuit Switching 2 -- 1.1.2 Virtual Circuit Switching over IP 3 -- 1.2 Standards 4 -- 1.3 Transmission Speeds 5 -- 1.4 The Signaling System Number 7 6 -- 1.4.1 The Classic SS-7 Protocol Stack 7 -- 1.4.2 SS-7 Protocols for GSM 9 -- 1.4.3 IP-Based SS-7 Protocol Stack 10 -- 1.5 The GSM Subsystems 11 -- 1.6 The Network Subsystem 12 -- 1.6.1 The Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Server and Gateway 12 -- 1.6.2 The Visitor Location Register (VLR) 16 -- 1.6.3 The Home Location Register (HLR) 17 -- 1.6.4 The Authentication Center 20 -- 1.6.5 The Short Messaging Service Center (SMSC) 23 -- 1.7 The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Voice Processing 25 -- 1.7.1 Frequency Bands 25 -- 1.7.2 The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 27 -- 1.7.3 The GSM Air Interface 28 -- 1.7.4 The Base Station Controller (BSC) 36 -- 1.7.5 The TRAU for Voice Encoding 40 -- 1.7.6 Channel Coder and Interleaver in the BTS 44 -- 1.7.7 Ciphering in the BTS and Security Aspects 46 -- 1.7.8 Modulation 50 -- 1.7.9 Voice Activity Detection 50 -- 1.8 Mobility Management and Call Control 52 -- 1.8.1 Cell Reselection and Location Area Update 52 -- 1.8.2 The Mobile-Terminated Call 53 -- 1.8.3 Handover Scenarios 56 -- 1.9 The Mobile Device 58 -- 1.9.1 Architecture of a Voice-Centric Mobile Device 59 -- 1.9.2 Architecture of a Smartphone 60 -- 1.10 The SIM Card 62 -- 1.11 The Intelligent Network Subsystem and CAMEL 67 -- Questions 70 -- References 70 -- 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and EDGE 73 -- 2.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission over GSM 73 -- 2.2 Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS 74 -- 2.3 The GPRS Air Interface 77 -- 2.3.1 GPRS vs. GSM Timeslot Usage on the Air Interface 77 -- 2.3.2 Mixed GSM/GPRS Timeslot Usage in a Base Station 79 -- 2.3.3 Coding Schemes 79 -- 2.3.4 Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 81 -- 2.3.5 Mobile Device Classes 84 -- 2.3.6 Network Mode of Operation 85.
2.3.7 GPRS Logical Channels on the Air Interface 86 -- 2.4 The GPRS State Model 88 -- 2.5 GPRS Network Elements 91 -- 2.5.1 The Packet Control Unit (PCU) 91 -- 2.5.2 The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 93 -- 2.5.3 The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 95 -- 2.6 GPRS Radio Resource Management 96 -- 2.7 GPRS Interfaces 100 -- 2.8 GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management (GMM/SM) 105 -- 2.8.1 Mobility Management Tasks 105 -- 2.8.2 GPRS Session Management 108 -- 2.9 Session Management from a User's Point of View 110 -- 2.10 Small Screen Web Browsing over GPRS and EDGE 114 -- 2.10.1 WAP 1.1 Used in Early GPRS Devices 114 -- 2.10.2 WAP 2.0 117 -- 2.10.3 Small Screen Web Browsing with Network Side Compression 118 -- 2.10.4 Small Screen Web Browsing / Quality of Experience 119 -- 2.11 The Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) over GPRS 120 -- 2.12 Web Browsing via GPRS 125 -- 2.12.1 Impact of Delay on the Web-Browsing Experience 125 -- 2.12.2 Web Browser Optimization for Mobile Web Browsing 127 -- Questions 128 -- References 128 -- 3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) 129 -- 3.1 Overview, History and Future 130 -- 3.1.1 3GPP Release 99: The First UMTS Access Network Implementation 131 -- 3.1.2 3GPP Release 4: Enhancements for the Circuit-Switched Core Network 133 -- 3.1.3 3GPP Release 5: IMS and High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 134 -- 3.1.4 3GPP Release 6: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 137 -- 3.1.5 3GPP Release 7: Even Faster HSPA and Continued Packet Connectivity 137 -- 3.1.6 3GPP Release 8: LTE, Further HSPA Enhancements and Femtocells 138 -- 3.1.7 3GPP Release 9: Digital Dividend and Dual Cell Improvements 139 -- 3.1.8 3GPP Releases 10 and 11: LTE-Advanced 139 -- 3.2 Important New Concepts of UMTS 140 -- 3.2.1 The Radio Access Bearer (RAB) 141 -- 3.2.2 The Access Stratum and Nonaccess Stratum 141 -- 3.2.3 Common Transport Protocols for CS and PS 142 -- 3.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 143 -- 3.3.1 Spreading Factor, Chip Rate and Process Gain 146.
3.3.2 The OVSF Code Tree 147 -- 3.3.3 Scrambling in Uplink and Downlink Direction 149 -- 3.3.4 UMTS Frequency and Cell Planning 151 -- 3.3.5 The Near / Far Effect and Cell Breathing 151 -- 3.3.6 Advantages of the UMTS Radio Network Compared to GSM 153 -- 3.4 UMTS Channel Structure on the Air Interface 154 -- 3.4.1 User Plane and Control Plane 154 -- 3.4.2 Common and Dedicated Channels 155 -- 3.4.3 Logical, Transport and Physical Channels 155 -- 3.4.4 Example: Network Search 159 -- 3.4.5 Example: Initial Network Access Procedure 162 -- 3.4.6 The Uu Protocol Stack 164 -- 3.5 The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 168 -- 3.5.1 Node-B, Iub Interface, NBAP and FP 168 -- 3.5.2 The RNC, Iu, Iub and Iur Interfaces, RANAP and RNSAP 170 -- 3.5.3 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) NB and WB Codecs for Voice Calls 174 -- 3.5.4 Radio Resource Control (RRC) States 176 -- 3.6 Core Network Mobility Management 181 -- 3.7 Radio Network Mobility Management 182 -- 3.7.1 Mobility Management in the Cell-DCH State 182 -- 3.7.2 Mobility Management in Idle State 191 -- 3.7.3 Mobility Management in Other States 193 -- 3.8 UMTS CS and PS Call Establishment 194 -- 3.9 UMTS Security 198 -- 3.10 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and HSPA+ 199 -- 3.10.1 HSDPA Channels 200 -- 3.10.2 Shorter Delay Times and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 202 -- 3.10.3 Node-B Scheduling 204 -- 3.10.4 Adaptive Modulation and Coding, Transmission Rates and Multicarrier Operation 204 -- 3.10.5 Establishment and Release of an HSDPA Connection 207 -- 3.10.6 HSDPA Mobility Management 208 -- 3.11 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 209 -- 3.11.1 E-DCH Channel Structure 210 -- 3.11.2 The E-DCH Protocol Stack and Functionality 213 -- 3.11.3 E-DCH Scheduling 215 -- 3.11.4 E-DCH Mobility 217 -- 3.11.5 E-DCH-Capable Devices 218 -- 3.12 Radio and Core Network Enhancements: CPC and One Tunnel 219 -- 3.12.1 A New Uplink Control Channel Slot Format 219 -- 3.12.2 CQI Reporting Reduction and DTX and DRX 220 -- 3.12.3 HS-SCCH Discontinuous Reception 221.
3.12.4 HS-SCCH-less Operation 221 -- 3.12.5 Enhanced Cell-FACH and Cell-/URA-PCH States 222 -- 3.12.6 Radio Network Enhancement: One Tunnel 223 -- 3.13 HSPA Performance in Practice 225 -- 3.13.1 Throughput in Practice 225 -- 3.13.2 Radio Resource State Management 226 -- 3.13.3 Power Consumption 226 -- 3.13.4 Web-Browsing Experience 228 -- 3.14 UMTS and CDMA2000 229 -- Questions 232 -- References 232 -- 4 Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced 235 -- 4.1 Introduction and Overview 235 -- 4.2 Network Architecture and Interfaces 237 -- 4.2.1 LTE Mobile Devices and the LTE Uu Interface 238 -- 4.2.2 The eNode-B and the S1 and X2 Interfaces 240 -- 4.2.3 The Mobility Management Entity (MME) 244 -- 4.2.4 The Serving Gateway (S-GW) 245 -- 4.2.5 The PDN-Gateway 245 -- 4.2.6 The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 247 -- 4.2.7 Billing, Prepaid and Quality of Service 248 -- 4.3 FDD Air Interface and Radio Network 249 -- 4.3.1 OFDMA for Downlink Transmission 250 -- 4.3.2 SC-FDMA for Uplink Transmission 252 -- 4.3.3 Symbols, Slots, Radio Blocks and Frames 253 -- 4.3.4 Reference and Synchronization Signals 254 -- 4.3.5 The LTE Channel Model in Downlink Direction 255 -- 4.3.6 Downlink Management Channels 256 -- 4.3.7 System Information Messages 257 -- 4.3.8 The LTE Channel Model in Uplink Direction 257 -- 4.3.9 MIMO Transmission 260 -- 4.3.10 HARQ and Other Retransmission Mechanisms 263 -- 4.3.11 PDCP Compression and Ciphering 266 -- 4.3.12 Protocol Layer Overview 267 -- 4.4 TD-LTE Air Interface 268 -- 4.5 Scheduling 269 -- 4.5.1 Downlink Scheduling 269 -- 4.5.2 Uplink Scheduling 273 -- 4.6 Basic Procedures 274 -- 4.6.1 Cell Search 274 -- 4.6.2 Attach and Default Bearer Activation 276 -- 4.6.3 Handover Scenarios 281 -- 4.6.4 Default and Dedicated Bearers 286 -- 4.7 Mobility Management and Power Optimization 286 -- 4.7.1 Mobility Management in Connected State 286 -- 4.7.2 Mobility Management in Idle State 288 -- 4.7.3 Mobility Management And State Changes In Practice 291 -- 4.8 LTE Security Architecture 291.
4.9 Interconnection with UMTS and GSM 292 -- 4.9.1 Cell Reselection between LTE and GSM/UMTS 293 -- 4.9.2 RRC Connection Release with Redirect between LTE and GSM/UMTS 295 -- 4.9.3 Handover between LTE and GSM/UMTS 296 -- 4.10 Interworking with CDMA2000 Networks 296 -- 4.10.1 Cell Reselection between LTE and CDMA2000 Networks 297 -- 4.10.2 RRC Connection Release with Redirect between LTE and CDMA2000 297 -- 4.10.3 Handover between LTE and CDMA2000 298 -- 4.11 Network Planning Aspects 298 -- 4.11.1 Single Frequency Network 298 -- 4.11.2 Cell Edge Performance 299 -- 4.11.3 Self-Organizing Network Functionality 300 -- 4.12 CS-Fallback for Voice and SMS Services with LTE 301 -- 4.12.1 SMS over SGs 302 -- 4.12.2 CS Fallback 303 -- 4.13 Voice in Combined LTE and CDMA 2000 Networks (SV-LTE) 305 -- 4.14 Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 306 -- 4.14.1 The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 306 -- 4.14.2 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and VoLTE 311 -- 4.14.3 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity 314 -- 4.14.4 Internet-Based Alternatives 316 -- 4.14.5 LTE Bearer Configurations for VoIP 317 -- 4.15 Backhaul Considerations 318 -- 4.16 LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release 10 / 12) 319 -- 4.16.1 Carrier Aggregation 319 -- 4.16.2 8 x 8 Downlink and 4 x 4 Uplink MIMO 320 -- 4.16.3 Relays 321 -- 4.16.4 HetNets, ICIC and eICIC 321 -- 4.16.5 Coordinated Multipoint Operation 322 -- 4.16.6 Future LTE Uses: Machine Type Communication and Public Safety 324 -- Questions 324 -- References 325 -- 5 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 327 -- 5.1 Wireless LAN Overview 327 -- 5.2 Transmission Speeds and Standards 328 -- 5.3 WLAN Configurations: From Ad Hoc to Wireless Bridging 329 -- 5.3.1 Ad Hoc, BSS, ESS and Wireless Bridging 329 -- 5.3.2 SSID and Frequency Selection 333 -- 5.4 Management Operations 335 -- 5.5 The MAC Layer 340 -- 5.5.1 Air Interface Access Control 340 -- 5.5.2 The MAC Header 343 -- 5.6 The Physical Layer and MAC Extensions 343 -- 5.6.1 IEEE 802.11b / 11 Mbit/s 343 -- 5.6.2 IEEE 802.11g with up to 54 Mbit/s 347.
5.6.3 IEEE 802.11a with up to 54 Mbit/s 349 -- 5.6.4 IEEE 802.11n with up to 600 Mbits/s 349 -- 5.6.5 802.11ac Gigabit Wireless 358 -- 5.7 Wireless LAN Security 362 -- 5.7.1 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) 362 -- 5.7.2 WPA and WPA2 Personal Mode Authentication 363 -- 5.7.3 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication 365 -- 5.7.4 EAP-SIM Authentication 367 -- 5.7.5 WPA and WPA2 Encryption 368 -- 5.7.6 Wi-Fi-Protected Setup (WPS) 369 -- 5.8 IEEE 802.11e and WMM / Quality of Service 371 -- 5.9 Comparison of Wireless LAN and LTE 376 -- Questions 379 -- References 379 -- 6 Bluetooth 381 -- 6.1 Overview and Applications 381 -- 6.2 Physical Properties 382 -- 6.3 Piconets and the Master/Slave Concept 385 -- 6.4 The Bluetooth Protocol Stack 387 -- 6.4.1 The Baseband Layer 387 -- 6.4.2 The Link Controller 393 -- 6.4.3 The Link Manager 395 -- 6.4.4 The HCI Interface 397 -- 6.4.5 The L2CAP Layer 398 -- 6.4.6 The Service Discovery Protocol 400 -- 6.4.7 The RFCOMM Layer 402 -- 6.4.8 Overview of Bluetooth Connection Establishment 404 -- 6.5 Bluetooth Security 405 -- 6.5.1 Pairing up to Bluetooth 2.0 405 -- 6.5.2 Pairing with Bluetooth 2.1 (Secure Simple Pairing) 406 -- 6.5.3 Authentication 408 -- 6.5.4 Encryption 408 -- 6.5.5 Authorization 409 -- 6.5.6 Security Modes 411 -- 6.6 Bluetooth Profiles 411 -- 6.6.1 Basic Profiles: GAP, SDP and the Serial Profile 413 -- 6.6.2 Object Exchange Profiles: FTP, Object Push and Synchronize 414 -- 6.6.3 Headset, Hands-Free and SIM Access Profile 416 -- 6.6.4 High-Quality Audio Streaming 420 -- 6.6.5 The Human Interface Device (HID) Profile 422 -- Questions 424 -- References 424 -- Index 427.
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