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Intro -- Renewable Polymers and Polymer-Metal Oxide Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Editors biographies -- Series editor biography -- Preface to the series -- Chapter 1: Composite materials: Concept, recent advancements, and applications -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Composites -- 1.1.1. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) -- 1.1.2. Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) -- 1.1.3. Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) -- 1.1.4. Reinforcement of composites -- 1.2. The rule of mixture -- 1.3. Renewable polymers for metal oxide-reinforced composites

2. Experimental characterization of composites -- 2.1. Chemical properties -- 2.2. Thermal properties -- 2.3. Optical properties -- 2.4. Biochemical properties -- 2.5. Electrical properties -- 2.6. Thermomechanical properties -- 3. Structural analysis of composites -- 3.1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -- 3.2. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) -- 3.3. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) -- 3.4. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) -- 3.5. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) -- 3.6. X-ray studies -- 4. Mechanical properties of composites -- 4.1. Strength -- 4.2. Modulus

4.3. Hardness and wear resistance -- 4.4. Fatigue -- 5. Metal matrix composites -- 5.1. Materials for MMCs -- 5.2. Consolidation and shaping of MMCs -- 5.3. Advantages and disadvantages of MMCs over PMCs -- 5.3.1. Advantages of MMCs over PMCs -- 5.3.2. Disadvantages of MMCs over PMCs -- 5.4. Application of MMCs -- 6. Isotropic vs. anisotropic material properties -- 7. Composites modeling -- 7.1. Analytical models -- 7.1.1. ROM and Voigt-Reuss bounds -- 7.1.2. Hashin-Shtrikman model -- 7.1.3. Halpin-Tsai model -- 7.1.4. Hui-Shia model -- 7.2. Numerical models -- 7.2.1. Molecular dynamic model

7.2.2. Finite element model (FEM) -- RVE model -- Unit cell model -- Object-oriented model -- 8. Application of metal oxide-reinforced renewable polymer composites -- 9. Future aspects and conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Manganese oxides/polyaniline composites as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamentals of electrochemical ORR -- 2.1. Mechanism -- 2.2. Thermodynamics and kinetics -- 3. Electrocatalysts for ORR -- 4. Synthesis of MnxOy/PAni composites -- 4.1. MnxOy -- 4.2. PAni -- 4.3. MnxOy/PAni composites

5. Electrocatalytic activity of MnxOy/PAni composites toward ORR -- 5.1. MnO2/PAni composite -- 5.2. MnxOy/PAni hybrid shells -- 5.3. Effect of microstates of MnO2 on ORR -- 6. Concluding remarks and future prospects -- References -- Chapter 3: Traditional and recently advanced synthetic routes of the metal oxide materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metal oxide materials -- 3. Historical background -- 4. Prospective advancement in the synthesis -- 4.1. A brief history of the hydrothermal/solvothermal technique -- 5. Novel solution routes -- 5.1. Soft solution processing -- 5.1.1. Hydrothermal