LTE, WIMAX, and WLAN network design, optimization and performance analysis /
Leonhard Korowajczuk.
- 1 PDF (lxi, 720 pages) : illustrations, maps.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
List of Figures xix -- List of Tables xxxv -- About the Author xli -- Preface xliii -- Acknowledgements xlv -- List of Abbreviations xlvii -- Introduction 1 -- 1 The Business Plan 5 -- 1.1 Introduction 5 -- 1.2 Market Plan 5 -- 1.3 The Engineering Plan 7 -- 1.4 The Financial Plan 8 -- 1.5 Business Case Questionnaire 11 -- 1.6 Implementing the Business Plan 12 -- 2 Data Transmission 15 -- 2.1 History of the Internet 15 -- 2.2 Network Modeling 16 -- 2.3 Internet Network Architecture 19 -- 2.4 The Physical Layer 20 -- 2.5 The Data Link Layer 22 -- 2.6 Network Layer 24 -- 2.7 Transport Protocols 28 -- 2.8 Routing Protocols 29 -- 2.9 Application Protocols 31 -- 2.10 The World Wide Web (WWW) 35 -- 3 Market Modeling 37 -- 3.1 Introduction 37 -- 3.2 Data Traffic Characterization 38 -- 3.3 Service Plan (SP) and Service Level Agreement (SLA) 41 -- 3.4 User Service Classes 43 -- 3.5 Applications 44 -- 3.6 Over-Subscription Ratio (OSR) 50 -- 3.7 Services Summary 51 -- 3.8 RF Environment 51 -- 3.9 Terminals 52 -- 3.10 Antenna Height 58 -- 3.11 Geographic User Distribution 58 -- 3.12 Network Traffic Modeling 63 -- 3.13 KPI (Key Performance Indicator) Establishment 72 -- 3.14 Wireless Infrastructure 74 -- 4 Signal Processing Fundamentals 77 -- 4.1 Digitizing Analog Signals 77 -- 4.2 Digital Data Representation in the Frequency Domain (Spectrum) 80 -- 4.3 Orthogonal Signals 84 -- 4.4 Combining Shifted Copies of a Sine Wave 86 -- 4.5 Carrier Modulation 87 -- 5 RF Channel Analysis 95 -- 5.1 The Signal 95 -- 5.2 The RF Channel 101 -- 5.3 RF Signal Propagation 102 -- 5.4 RF Channel in the Frequency Domain 107 -- 5.5 RF Channel in Time Domain 115 -- 5.6 RF Channel in the Power Domain 120 -- 5.7 Standardized Channel Models 123 -- 5.8 RF Environment 126 -- 5.9 Fading 128 -- 6 RF Channel Performance Prediction 139 -- 6.1 Advanced RF Propagation Models 139 -- 6.2 RF Measurements and Propagation Model Calibration 163 -- 6.3 RF Interference Issues 172 -- 6.4 Interference Mitigation Techniques 180. 6.5 RF Spectrum Usage and Resource Planning 181 -- 6.6 Availability 187 -- 7 OFDM 193 -- 7.1 Multiplexing 193 -- 7.2 Other PAPR Reduction Methods 201 -- 7.3 De-Multiplexing 201 -- 7.4 Cyclic Prefix 202 -- 7.5 OFDMA 203 -- 7.6 Duplexing 204 -- 7.7 Synchronization 207 -- 7.8 RF Channel Information Detection 208 -- 7.9 Error Correction Techniques 211 -- 7.10 Resource Allocation and Scheduling 215 -- 7.11 Establishing Wireless Data Communications 216 -- 8 OFDM Implementation 221 -- 8.1 Transmit Side 221 -- 8.2 Receive Side 228 -- 9 Wireless Communications Network (WCN) 235 -- 9.1 Introduction 235 -- 9.2 Wireless Access Network 235 -- 9.3 Core Network 237 -- 10 Antenna and Advanced Antenna Systems 245 -- 10.1 Introduction 245 -- 10.2 Antenna Basics 246 -- 10.3 Antenna Radiation 247 -- 10.4 Antenna Types 249 -- 10.5 Antenna Characteristics 254 -- 10.6 Multiple Antennas Arrangements 262 -- 10.7 Receive Diversity 267 -- 10.8 Transmit Diversity 271 -- 10.9 Transmit and Receive Diversity (TRD) 275 -- 10.10 Spatial Multiplexing (Matrix B) 276 -- 10.11 Diversity Performance 278 -- 10.12 Antenna Array System (AAS), Advanced Antenna System (AAS) or Adaptive Antenna Steering (AAS) or Beamforming 282 -- 11 Radio Performance 287 -- 11.1 Introduction 287 -- 11.2 Input RF Noise 288 -- 11.3 Receive Circuit Noise 288 -- 11.4 Signal to Noise Ratio 288 -- 11.5 Radio Sensitivity Calculations 295 -- 11.6 Radio Configuration 307 -- 12 Wireless LAN 311 -- 12.1 Standardization 311 -- 12.2 Architecture 315 -- 12.3 The IEEE Std 802.11-2007 316 -- 12.4 Enhancements for Higher Throughputs, Amendment 5: 802.11n-2009 328 -- 12.5 Work in Progress 333 -- 12.6 Throughput 334 -- 13 WiMAX 341 -- 13.1 Standardization 341 -- 13.2 Network Architecture 344 -- 13.3 Physical Layer (PHY) 353 -- 13.4 Multiple Access OFDMA 369 -- 13.5 WiMAX Network Layers 370 -- 13.6 WiMAX Operation Phases 384 -- 13.7 WiMAX Interference Reduction Techniques 386 -- 13.8 WiMAX Resource Planning 401 -- 14 Universal Mobile Telecommunication System / Long Term Evolution (UMTS-LTE) 409. 14.1 Introduction 409 -- 14.2 Standardization 412 -- 14.3 Frequency Bands 415 -- 14.4 Architecture 417 -- 14.5 Wireless Message Flow and Protocol Stack 424 -- 14.6 Wireline Message Flow and Protocol Stacks 433 -- 14.7 Identifiers 434 -- 14.8 HARQ Procedure 435 -- 14.9 Scrambling Sequences 439 -- 14.10 Physical Layer (PHY) 439 -- 14.11 PHY Structure 444 -- 14.12 PHY TDD 457 -- 14.13 Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) 457 -- 14.14 Call Placement Scenario 461 -- 14.15 PHY Characteristics and Performance 463 -- 14.16 Multiple Antennas in LTE 466 -- 14.17 Resource Planning in LTE 472 -- 14.18 Self-Organizing Network (SON) 473 -- 14.19 RAT (Radio Access Technology) Internetworking 475 -- 14.20 LTE Radio Propagation Channel Considerations 475 -- 14.21 Handover Procedures in LTE 481 -- 14.22 Measurements 482 -- 14.23 LTE Practical System Capacity 483 -- 14.24 Synchronization 486 -- 14.25 Beyond 4G 486 -- 15 Broadband Standards Comparison 489 -- 15.1 Introduction 489 -- 15.2 Performance Tables 489 -- 16 Wireless Network Design 513 -- 16.1 Introduction 513 -- 16.2 Wireless Market Modeling 513 -- 16.3 Wireless Network Strategy 515 -- 16.4 Wireless Network Design 516 -- 16.5 Wireless Network Optimization 517 -- 16.6 Wireless Network Performance Assessment 517 -- 17 Wireless Market Modeling 519 -- 17.1 Findings Phase 519 -- 17.2 Area of Interest (AoI) Modeling 519 -- 17.3 Terrain Databases (GIS Geographic Information System) 519 -- 17.4 Demographic Databases 530 -- 17.5 Service Modeling 533 -- 17.6 Environment Modeling 536 -- 17.7 User Terminal Modeling 537 -- 17.8 Service Class Modeling 538 -- 17.9 User Distribution Modeling 542 -- 17.10 Traffic Distribution Modeling 551 -- 18 Wireless Network Strategy 553 -- 18.1 Define Spectrum Usage Strategy 553 -- 18.2 Deployment Strategy 555 -- 18.3 Core Equipment 555 -- 18.4 Base Station Equipment 555 -- 18.5 Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) 563 -- 18.6 Link Budget 565 -- 18.7 Backhaul Equipment 565 -- 18.8 Land Line Access Points of Presence (PoP) 570. 18.9 List of Available Site Locations 570 -- 19 Wireless Network Design 573 -- 19.1 Field Measurement Campaign 573 -- 19.2 Measurement Processing 575 -- 19.3 Propagation Models and Parameters 579 -- 19.4 Site Location 582 -- 19.5 Run Initial Site Predictions 586 -- 19.6 Static Traffic Simulation 593 -- 19.7 Adjust Design for Area and Traffic Coverage 595 -- 19.8 Configure Backhaul Links and Perform Backhaul Predictions 595 -- 19.9 Perform Signal Level Predictions with Extended Radius 597 -- 20 Wireless Network Optimization 599 -- 20.1 Cell Enhancement or Footprint Optimization 599 -- 20.2 Resource Optimization 603 -- 21 Wireless Network Performance Assessment 615 -- 21.1 Perform Dynamic Traffic Simulation 615 -- 21.2 Performance 620 -- 21.3 Perform Network Performance Predictions 625 -- 21.4 Backhaul Links Performance 655 -- 21.5 Analyze Performance Results, Analyze Impact on CAPEX, OPEX and ROI 661 -- 22 Basic Mathematical Concepts Used in Wireless Networks 663 -- 22.1 Circle Relationships 663 -- 22.2 Numbers and Vectors 665 -- 22.3 Functions Decomposition 668 -- 22.4 Sinusoids 670 -- 22.5 Fourier Analysis 674 -- 22.6 Statistical Probability Distributions 676 -- Appendix: List of Equations 689 -- Further Reading 697 -- Index 701.
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A technological overview of LTE and WiMAX LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis provides a practical guide to LTE and WiMAX technologies introducing various tools and concepts used within. In addition, topics such as traffic modelling of IP-centric networks, RF propagation, fading, mobility, and indoor coverage are explored; new techniques which increase throughput such as MIMO and AAS technology are highlighted; and simulation, network design and performance analysis are also examined. Finally, in the latter part of the book Korowajczuk gives a step-by-step guide to network design, providing readers with the capability to build reliable and robust data networks. By focusing on LTE and WiMAX this book extends current network planning approaches to next generation wireless systems based on OFDMA, providing an essential resource for engineers and operators of fixed and wireless broadband data access networks. With information presented in a sequential format, LTE, WiMAX and WLAN Network Design, Optimization and Performance Analysis aids a progressive development of knowledge, complementing latter graduate and postgraduate courses while also providing a valuable resource to network designers, equipment vendors, reference material, operators, consultants, and regulators. Key Features: . One of the first books to comprehensively explain and evaluate LTE. Provides an unique explanation of the basic concepts involved in wireless broadband technologies and their applications in LTE, WiMAX, and WLAN before progressing to the network design. Demonstrates the application of network planning for LTE and WiMAX with theoretical and practical approaches. Includes all aspects of system design and optimization, such as dynamic traffic simulations, multi-layered traffic analysis, statistical interference analysis, and performance estimations.