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Industrial power distribution / Ralph E. Fehr.

By: Fehr, Ralph E [author.].
Contributor(s): IEEE Xplore (Online Service) [distributor.] | Wiley [publisher.].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookSeries: IEEE Press series on power engineering: Publisher: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley/IEEE Press, [2016]Distributor: [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : IEEE Xplore, [2016]Edition: Second edition.Description: 1 PDF (xvii, 411 pages) : illustrations.Content type: text Media type: electronic Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9781119065180.Subject(s): Factories -- Power supply | Electric power distribution | Commercial buildings -- Power supply | Electric power systems | Epitaxial layers | Excitons | Nitrogen | Radiative recombination | Silicon carbide | Temperature measurementGenre/Form: Electronic books.Additional physical formats: Print version:: No titleDDC classification: 621.3 Online resources: Abstract with links to resource Also available in print.
Contents:
PREFACE xi -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiii -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR xvii -- CHAPTER 1 UTILITY SOURCE 1 -- 1.1 Electrical Safety 1 -- 1.2 Delivery Voltage 3 -- 1.3 One-Line Diagrams 4 -- 1.4 Zones of Protection 5 -- 1.5 Source Configuration 6 -- 1.6 The Per-Unit System 14 -- 1.7 Power in AC Systems 18 -- 1.8 Voltage Drop Calculations 20 -- 1.9 Short-Circuit Availability 22 -- 1.10 Conductor Sizing 23 -- 1.11 Transformer Sizing 26 -- 1.12 Liquid-Immersed Transformer kVA Ratings 30 -- Summary 32 -- For Further Reading 33 -- Questions 33 -- Problems 34 -- CHAPTER 2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS AND METERING 37 -- 2.1 Definitions 37 -- 2.2 Instrument Transformers 39 -- 2.2.1 Fundamentals 39 -- 2.2.2 Correction Factors 46 -- 2.2.3 Burden Calculations 47 -- 2.2.4 ANSI Accuracy Classes 49 -- 2.3 Metering Fundamentals 49 -- 2.4 Watthour Metering 50 -- 2.4.1 Single-Stator Watthour Metering 50 -- 2.4.2 Multi-Stator Watthour Metering 52 -- 2.5 Demand Metering 52 -- 2.5.1 Kilowatt Demand 53 -- 2.5.2 Kilovar and kVA Demand 53 -- 2.6 Pulse-Operated Meters 54 -- 2.7 Time-of-Use Meters 54 -- 2.8 Special Metering 55 -- 2.8.1 Voltage and Current Metering 55 -- 2.8.2 Var and Q Metering 57 -- 2.8.3 Compensating Metering 59 -- 2.8.4 Totalizing Metering 60 -- 2.8.5 Pulse Recorders 60 -- 2.9 Digital Metering 61 -- 2.10 Smart Meters 61 -- Summary 62 -- For Further Reading 63 -- Questions 63 -- Problems 64 -- CHAPTER 3 TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS 65 -- 3.1 Voltage Selection 65 -- 3.2 Ideal Transformer Model 66 -- 3.3 Transformer Fundamentals 68 -- 3.4 Transformer Circuit Model 71 -- 3.5 Single-Phase Transformer Connections 71 -- 3.6 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 73 -- 3.6.1 Delta / Delta 74 -- 3.6.2 Wye / Wye 76 -- 3.6.3 Delta / Wye 78 -- 3.6.4 Wye / Delta 82 -- 3.6.5 Open Delta / Open Delta 82 -- 3.6.6 Open Wye / Open Delta 86 -- 3.7 Two-Phase Transformer Connections 88 -- 3.7.1 T-Connection (Scott Connection) 89 -- 3.8 Six-Phase Transformer Connections 92 -- 3.9 Transformer Phase Shifts 93.
3.10 Grounding Transformers 95 -- 3.10.1 Wye / Delta 96 -- 3.10.2 Zig / Zag Connection 96 -- 3.11 Ferroresonance 97 -- Summary 98 -- For Further Reading 98 -- Questions 99 -- Problems 99 -- CHAPTER 4 FAULT CALCULATIONS 101 -- 4.1 Overview 101 -- 4.2 Types of Faults 102 -- 4.3 Data Preparation 103 -- 4.4 First-Cycle Symmetrical Current Calculations 105 -- 4.5 Contact-Parting Symmetrical Current Calculations 112 -- 4.6 Analyzing Unbalanced Systems 113 -- 4.7 Physical Example of Vector Components 114 -- 4.8 Application of Symmetrical Components to a Three-Phase Power System 116 -- 4.9 Electrical Characteristics of the Sequence Currents 121 -- 4.10 Sequence Networks 124 -- 4.11 Short-Circuit Faults 134 -- 4.11.1 Three-Phase Fault 134 -- 4.11.2 Line-to-Ground Fault 136 -- 4.11.3 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 138 -- 4.11.4 Line-to-Line Fault 141 -- 4.12 Open-Circuit Faults 143 -- 4.12.1 One-Line-Open Fault 143 -- 4.12.2 Two-Lines-Open Fault 147 -- Summary 150 -- For Further Reading 150 -- Questions 151 -- Problems 152 -- CHAPTER 5 PROTECTIVE DEVICE SELECTION AND COORDINATION 155 -- 5.1 Overview 155 -- 5.2 Power Circuit Breaker Selection 158 -- 5.3 Fused Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Selection 160 -- 5.4 Molded-Case Circuit Breaker Selection 162 -- 5.5 Medium-Voltage Fuse Selection 163 -- 5.6 Current-Limiting Fuse Selection 166 -- 5.7 Low-Voltage Fuse Selection 168 -- 5.8 Overcurrent Device Coordination 169 -- 5.9 Summary 174 -- For Further Reading 175 -- Questions 175 -- Problems 176 -- CHAPTER 6 RACEWAY DESIGN 179 -- 6.1 Overview 179 -- 6.2 Conduit and Duct Systems 181 -- 6.2.1 Pulling Tension 187 -- 6.2.2 Sidewall Pressure 188 -- 6.2.3 Design Examples 189 -- 6.3 Cable Tray Systems 194 -- 6.3.1 Design Example 202 -- Summary 203 -- For Further Reading 203 -- Questions 204 -- Problems 204 -- CHAPTER 7 SWITCHGEAR AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS 207 -- 7.1 Overview 207 -- 7.2 NEMA Enclosures 208 -- 7.3 Switchgear 208 -- 7.3.1 Source Transfer 213 -- 7.3.2 Configuration 214 -- 7.3.3 Ratings 215.
7.3.4 Circuit Breakers 217 -- 7.4 Motor Control Centers 222 -- 7.4.1 Configuration 223 -- 7.4.2 Ratings 223 -- 7.4.3 Starters 223 -- 7.4.4 Protection 225 -- 7.5 ARC Flash Hazard 226 -- Summary 231 -- For Further Reading 232 -- Questions 233 -- Problems 233 -- CHAPTER 8 LADDER LOGIC 235 -- 8.1 Fundamentals 235 -- 8.2 Considerations When Designing Logic 236 -- 8.3 Logic Implementation 239 -- 8.4 Seal-In Circuits 240 -- 8.5 Interlocks 243 -- 8.6 Remote Control and Indication 245 -- 8.7 Reversing Starters 246 -- 8.8 Jogging 248 -- 8.9 Plugging 250 -- Summary 251 -- For Further Reading 251 -- Questions 251 -- Problems 252 -- CHAPTER 9 MOTOR APPLICATION 255 -- 9.1 Fundamentals 255 -- 9.2 Energy Conversion and Losses 259 -- 9.3 Speed / Torque Curves 260 -- 9.4 Motor Starting Time 263 -- 9.5 Cable Sizing 264 -- 9.6 Motor Protection 265 -- 9.7 Circuit Protection 266 -- 9.8 Winding Protection 266 -- 9.9 Motor Starting Methods 267 -- 9.9.1 Across-the-Line 267 -- 9.9.2 Reduced Voltage Starting 267 -- 9.9.3 Wye / Delta Starting 276 -- 9.9.4 Part-Winding Starting 278 -- 9.9.5 Solid-State Starting Options 278 -- Summary 283 -- For Further Reading 283 -- Questions 283 -- Problems 284 -- CHAPTER 10 LIGHTING SYSTEMS 287 -- 10.1 Fundamentals 287 -- 10.2 Lighting Technologies 288 -- 10.2.1 Incandescent 288 -- 10.2.2 Low-Pressure Discharge 290 -- 10.2.3 High-Intensity Discharge 294 -- 10.2.4 Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting 297 -- 10.3 Luminaire Designs 299 -- 10.4 Electrical Requirements 301 -- 10.5 Lighting System Design Examples 303 -- 10.5.1 Parking Lot Lighting 303 -- 10.5.2 Interior Lighting 311 -- Summary 315 -- For Further Reading 316 -- Questions 316 -- Problems 317 -- CHAPTER 11 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION 319 -- 11.1 Overview 319 -- 11.2 Configuration 321 -- 11.2.1 Delta 321 -- 11.2.2 Wye 322 -- 11.2.3 Grounded Wye 322 -- 11.3 Sizing and Placement 323 -- 11.4 Capacitor Switching 324 -- 11.5 Harmonics 329 -- 11.6 Resonance 330 -- 11.7 Protection 330 -- Summary 331 -- For Further Reading 332.
Questions 332 -- Problems 332 -- CHAPTER 12 POWER QUALITY 335 -- 12.1 Overview 335 -- 12.2 Historical Perspective 335 -- 12.3 Quantifying Power Quality 336 -- 12.4 Continuity of Service 338 -- 12.5 Voltage Requirements 340 -- 12.6 Transients 341 -- 12.7 Harmonics 341 -- 12.7.1 Fourier Analysis 343 -- 12.7.2 Effects of Harmonics 346 -- 12.7.3 Harmonic Filters 349 -- 12.8 Power Factor 352 -- Summary 353 -- For Further Reading 354 -- Questions 355 -- Problems 355 -- APPENDIX A: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 357 -- APPENDIX B: CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 361 -- APPENDIX C: PHASORS AND COMPLEX NUMBER MATHEMATICS 369 -- APPENDIX D: IMPEDANCE DATA 373 -- APPENDIX E: AMPACITY DATA 381 -- APPENDIX F: CONDUIT DATA 401 -- INDEX 405.
Summary: In this fully updated version of Industrial Power Distribution, the author addresses key areas of electric power distribution from an end-user perspective for both electrical engineers, as well as students who are training for a career in the electrical power engineering field. Industrial Power Distribution, Second Edition, begins by describing how industrial facilities are supplied from utility sources, which is supported with background information on the components of AC power, voltage drop calculations, and the sizing of conductors and transformers. Important concepts and discussions are featured throughout the book including those for sequence networks, ladder logic, motor application, fault calculations, and transformer connections. The book concludes with an introduction to power quality, how it affects industrial power systems, and an expansion of the concept of power factor, including a distortion term made necessary by the existence of harmonics. This edition also includes: . New topics such as lighting systems and arc flash hazard. Expanded treatment of one-line diagrams, the per-unit system, complex power, transformer connections, and motor applications. End-of-chapter exercises The author's practical approach toward electric power distribution will help engineers and students develop the skills most important in the power engineering field. Ralph E. Fehr, III is an Instructor in the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa USA. Dr. Fehr received the IEEE Region 3 Joseph M. Biedenbach Outstanding Engineering Educator award in 2011. He is an active IEEE Power and Energy Society Executive Committee Member and past IEEE PES Education Committee Panelist for educational reform. Dr. Fehr's current research interests are in power system planning methods and reliability enhancement techniques, infrastructure design improvements, high-power semiconductor applications at medium voltages, and engineering education reform.
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Includes bibliographical references and index.

PREFACE xi -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiii -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR xvii -- CHAPTER 1 UTILITY SOURCE 1 -- 1.1 Electrical Safety 1 -- 1.2 Delivery Voltage 3 -- 1.3 One-Line Diagrams 4 -- 1.4 Zones of Protection 5 -- 1.5 Source Configuration 6 -- 1.6 The Per-Unit System 14 -- 1.7 Power in AC Systems 18 -- 1.8 Voltage Drop Calculations 20 -- 1.9 Short-Circuit Availability 22 -- 1.10 Conductor Sizing 23 -- 1.11 Transformer Sizing 26 -- 1.12 Liquid-Immersed Transformer kVA Ratings 30 -- Summary 32 -- For Further Reading 33 -- Questions 33 -- Problems 34 -- CHAPTER 2 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS AND METERING 37 -- 2.1 Definitions 37 -- 2.2 Instrument Transformers 39 -- 2.2.1 Fundamentals 39 -- 2.2.2 Correction Factors 46 -- 2.2.3 Burden Calculations 47 -- 2.2.4 ANSI Accuracy Classes 49 -- 2.3 Metering Fundamentals 49 -- 2.4 Watthour Metering 50 -- 2.4.1 Single-Stator Watthour Metering 50 -- 2.4.2 Multi-Stator Watthour Metering 52 -- 2.5 Demand Metering 52 -- 2.5.1 Kilowatt Demand 53 -- 2.5.2 Kilovar and kVA Demand 53 -- 2.6 Pulse-Operated Meters 54 -- 2.7 Time-of-Use Meters 54 -- 2.8 Special Metering 55 -- 2.8.1 Voltage and Current Metering 55 -- 2.8.2 Var and Q Metering 57 -- 2.8.3 Compensating Metering 59 -- 2.8.4 Totalizing Metering 60 -- 2.8.5 Pulse Recorders 60 -- 2.9 Digital Metering 61 -- 2.10 Smart Meters 61 -- Summary 62 -- For Further Reading 63 -- Questions 63 -- Problems 64 -- CHAPTER 3 TRANSFORMER CONNECTIONS 65 -- 3.1 Voltage Selection 65 -- 3.2 Ideal Transformer Model 66 -- 3.3 Transformer Fundamentals 68 -- 3.4 Transformer Circuit Model 71 -- 3.5 Single-Phase Transformer Connections 71 -- 3.6 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 73 -- 3.6.1 Delta / Delta 74 -- 3.6.2 Wye / Wye 76 -- 3.6.3 Delta / Wye 78 -- 3.6.4 Wye / Delta 82 -- 3.6.5 Open Delta / Open Delta 82 -- 3.6.6 Open Wye / Open Delta 86 -- 3.7 Two-Phase Transformer Connections 88 -- 3.7.1 T-Connection (Scott Connection) 89 -- 3.8 Six-Phase Transformer Connections 92 -- 3.9 Transformer Phase Shifts 93.

3.10 Grounding Transformers 95 -- 3.10.1 Wye / Delta 96 -- 3.10.2 Zig / Zag Connection 96 -- 3.11 Ferroresonance 97 -- Summary 98 -- For Further Reading 98 -- Questions 99 -- Problems 99 -- CHAPTER 4 FAULT CALCULATIONS 101 -- 4.1 Overview 101 -- 4.2 Types of Faults 102 -- 4.3 Data Preparation 103 -- 4.4 First-Cycle Symmetrical Current Calculations 105 -- 4.5 Contact-Parting Symmetrical Current Calculations 112 -- 4.6 Analyzing Unbalanced Systems 113 -- 4.7 Physical Example of Vector Components 114 -- 4.8 Application of Symmetrical Components to a Three-Phase Power System 116 -- 4.9 Electrical Characteristics of the Sequence Currents 121 -- 4.10 Sequence Networks 124 -- 4.11 Short-Circuit Faults 134 -- 4.11.1 Three-Phase Fault 134 -- 4.11.2 Line-to-Ground Fault 136 -- 4.11.3 Double Line-to-Ground Fault 138 -- 4.11.4 Line-to-Line Fault 141 -- 4.12 Open-Circuit Faults 143 -- 4.12.1 One-Line-Open Fault 143 -- 4.12.2 Two-Lines-Open Fault 147 -- Summary 150 -- For Further Reading 150 -- Questions 151 -- Problems 152 -- CHAPTER 5 PROTECTIVE DEVICE SELECTION AND COORDINATION 155 -- 5.1 Overview 155 -- 5.2 Power Circuit Breaker Selection 158 -- 5.3 Fused Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Selection 160 -- 5.4 Molded-Case Circuit Breaker Selection 162 -- 5.5 Medium-Voltage Fuse Selection 163 -- 5.6 Current-Limiting Fuse Selection 166 -- 5.7 Low-Voltage Fuse Selection 168 -- 5.8 Overcurrent Device Coordination 169 -- 5.9 Summary 174 -- For Further Reading 175 -- Questions 175 -- Problems 176 -- CHAPTER 6 RACEWAY DESIGN 179 -- 6.1 Overview 179 -- 6.2 Conduit and Duct Systems 181 -- 6.2.1 Pulling Tension 187 -- 6.2.2 Sidewall Pressure 188 -- 6.2.3 Design Examples 189 -- 6.3 Cable Tray Systems 194 -- 6.3.1 Design Example 202 -- Summary 203 -- For Further Reading 203 -- Questions 204 -- Problems 204 -- CHAPTER 7 SWITCHGEAR AND MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS 207 -- 7.1 Overview 207 -- 7.2 NEMA Enclosures 208 -- 7.3 Switchgear 208 -- 7.3.1 Source Transfer 213 -- 7.3.2 Configuration 214 -- 7.3.3 Ratings 215.

7.3.4 Circuit Breakers 217 -- 7.4 Motor Control Centers 222 -- 7.4.1 Configuration 223 -- 7.4.2 Ratings 223 -- 7.4.3 Starters 223 -- 7.4.4 Protection 225 -- 7.5 ARC Flash Hazard 226 -- Summary 231 -- For Further Reading 232 -- Questions 233 -- Problems 233 -- CHAPTER 8 LADDER LOGIC 235 -- 8.1 Fundamentals 235 -- 8.2 Considerations When Designing Logic 236 -- 8.3 Logic Implementation 239 -- 8.4 Seal-In Circuits 240 -- 8.5 Interlocks 243 -- 8.6 Remote Control and Indication 245 -- 8.7 Reversing Starters 246 -- 8.8 Jogging 248 -- 8.9 Plugging 250 -- Summary 251 -- For Further Reading 251 -- Questions 251 -- Problems 252 -- CHAPTER 9 MOTOR APPLICATION 255 -- 9.1 Fundamentals 255 -- 9.2 Energy Conversion and Losses 259 -- 9.3 Speed / Torque Curves 260 -- 9.4 Motor Starting Time 263 -- 9.5 Cable Sizing 264 -- 9.6 Motor Protection 265 -- 9.7 Circuit Protection 266 -- 9.8 Winding Protection 266 -- 9.9 Motor Starting Methods 267 -- 9.9.1 Across-the-Line 267 -- 9.9.2 Reduced Voltage Starting 267 -- 9.9.3 Wye / Delta Starting 276 -- 9.9.4 Part-Winding Starting 278 -- 9.9.5 Solid-State Starting Options 278 -- Summary 283 -- For Further Reading 283 -- Questions 283 -- Problems 284 -- CHAPTER 10 LIGHTING SYSTEMS 287 -- 10.1 Fundamentals 287 -- 10.2 Lighting Technologies 288 -- 10.2.1 Incandescent 288 -- 10.2.2 Low-Pressure Discharge 290 -- 10.2.3 High-Intensity Discharge 294 -- 10.2.4 Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Lighting 297 -- 10.3 Luminaire Designs 299 -- 10.4 Electrical Requirements 301 -- 10.5 Lighting System Design Examples 303 -- 10.5.1 Parking Lot Lighting 303 -- 10.5.2 Interior Lighting 311 -- Summary 315 -- For Further Reading 316 -- Questions 316 -- Problems 317 -- CHAPTER 11 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION 319 -- 11.1 Overview 319 -- 11.2 Configuration 321 -- 11.2.1 Delta 321 -- 11.2.2 Wye 322 -- 11.2.3 Grounded Wye 322 -- 11.3 Sizing and Placement 323 -- 11.4 Capacitor Switching 324 -- 11.5 Harmonics 329 -- 11.6 Resonance 330 -- 11.7 Protection 330 -- Summary 331 -- For Further Reading 332.

Questions 332 -- Problems 332 -- CHAPTER 12 POWER QUALITY 335 -- 12.1 Overview 335 -- 12.2 Historical Perspective 335 -- 12.3 Quantifying Power Quality 336 -- 12.4 Continuity of Service 338 -- 12.5 Voltage Requirements 340 -- 12.6 Transients 341 -- 12.7 Harmonics 341 -- 12.7.1 Fourier Analysis 343 -- 12.7.2 Effects of Harmonics 346 -- 12.7.3 Harmonic Filters 349 -- 12.8 Power Factor 352 -- Summary 353 -- For Further Reading 354 -- Questions 355 -- Problems 355 -- APPENDIX A: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 357 -- APPENDIX B: CIRCUIT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 361 -- APPENDIX C: PHASORS AND COMPLEX NUMBER MATHEMATICS 369 -- APPENDIX D: IMPEDANCE DATA 373 -- APPENDIX E: AMPACITY DATA 381 -- APPENDIX F: CONDUIT DATA 401 -- INDEX 405.

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In this fully updated version of Industrial Power Distribution, the author addresses key areas of electric power distribution from an end-user perspective for both electrical engineers, as well as students who are training for a career in the electrical power engineering field. Industrial Power Distribution, Second Edition, begins by describing how industrial facilities are supplied from utility sources, which is supported with background information on the components of AC power, voltage drop calculations, and the sizing of conductors and transformers. Important concepts and discussions are featured throughout the book including those for sequence networks, ladder logic, motor application, fault calculations, and transformer connections. The book concludes with an introduction to power quality, how it affects industrial power systems, and an expansion of the concept of power factor, including a distortion term made necessary by the existence of harmonics. This edition also includes: . New topics such as lighting systems and arc flash hazard. Expanded treatment of one-line diagrams, the per-unit system, complex power, transformer connections, and motor applications. End-of-chapter exercises The author's practical approach toward electric power distribution will help engineers and students develop the skills most important in the power engineering field. Ralph E. Fehr, III is an Instructor in the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida, Tampa USA. Dr. Fehr received the IEEE Region 3 Joseph M. Biedenbach Outstanding Engineering Educator award in 2011. He is an active IEEE Power and Energy Society Executive Committee Member and past IEEE PES Education Committee Panelist for educational reform. Dr. Fehr's current research interests are in power system planning methods and reliability enhancement techniques, infrastructure design improvements, high-power semiconductor applications at medium voltages, and engineering education reform.

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